Everything about Pedro Navarro Count Of Oliveto totally explained
Don Pedro Navarro, Count of Oliveto (
Garde,
Navarre, c.
1460 –
Castel Nuovo,
Naples, 1528) was a
Spanish engineer, later General who participated in the
War of the League of Cambrai. At the
Battle of Ravenna in 1512 he commanded the Spanish and
Papal infantry, but was captured by the
French. Later in French service he'd supervise the French crossing of the
Alps before the
Battle of Novara.
Probably born at Garde in the Navarrese valley of Roncal. Little is known of his early life. Begins his military career under the service of
Cardinal Juan de Aragon prior to 1485. Fought against the
Barbary pirates in
Italy as a
Condottiere. Enlisted by
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1499) took part in the capture and siege of
Cephalonia (1500); his skilful employment of mines allowed for the breaching of the walls of the Turkish fortress. Continued in the service of
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and went on to
Naples, and defended
Canosa (1502) and
Taranto (1503) against the French; supervised the construction of the field
fortifications at the
Battle of Cerignola, that enabled
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba to win his battle with
Louis d'Armagnac,
Duke of Nemours (April 28); played a major role in the Spanish victory at the
Garigliano River (December 29); made count of Oliveto for his services. After returning to
Spain (1507) he takes part in
Jimenez's expeditions to
North Africa. Navarro aids in the capture of
Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (1508) by employing a floating battery of his own design during the battle. He went on to fight at the capture of Mazalquivir (
Mers-el-Kébir) and
Oran (1509). Personally led Spanish forces during the conquest of Bougie (
Béjaïa),
Algiers,
Tunis,
Tlemcen, and
Tripoli (1510). He enlists in the service of
Ramon de Cardona viceroy of
Naples and returns to
Italy upon hearing of a new war against
France (1511). He constructs a number of light carts mounted with light artillery pieces designed to break up enemy formations (1512).
Despite his efforts the Spanish Papal army is defeated and he's captured by the French under command of
Gaston de Foix at
Ravenna (
April 11,
1512).
Ferdinand II of Aragon refuses to
ransom him, and he eventually entered the service of
Francis I of France. Goes on to accompany the French armies in their campaign against
Milan (1515-1516); fought alongside King Francis against the
Swiss at the
battle of Marignano (September 13-14, 1515); continuing in French service, he fought at the
Battle of Bicocca (
April 27,
1522) and was taken prisoner when the Spanish captured
Genoa early the following year (1523); released after the
Treaty of Madrid (
January 14,
1526), he returned to French service; again being taken prisoner while serving the French expedition in
Italy (1527), he died in the
Neapolitan prison of Castel Nuovo (1528). Navarro was possibly the finest military
engineer of his time.
Principal wars: Turco-Venetian War (1499-1503); Neopolitan War (1501–1503); North African expeditions (1508–1511); War of the Holy League (1511–1514); First (1521–1526) and Second (1527–1530) Hapsburg-Valois Wars.
Principal battles and sieges: Cephalonia (Kefallinía) (1500); Canosa (Canosa di Puglia) (1502); Taranto, Cerignola, the Garigliano (central Italy) (1503); Veléz de la Gomera(1508); Oran (1509); Tripoli (1510); Ravenna (1512); Marignano (Melegnano) (1515); La Bicocca (near Milan) (1522).
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